Internal-combustion motor.



R. H. & J. MORROW.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 17, 1010.

1,084,749. Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Jm'zeas izarmza- COLUMBIA PLANOGRAIM 50.. WASHINGTON. D.

R. H. & J. MORROW.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

- APPLICATION FILED MARLI'I, 1910. 1 84,749.

Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

6 SHBETSSHEET 2.

J p; 0 a? W M Fr COLUMBI'. PLANQnnAPH CO.,WASHINOTDN. D4 6.

R. H. & J. MORROW.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 17, 1910.

1 ,O84,74;9, Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

coLUMmA PLANDGRAPH CO.. WASHINGTON. D. c.

R. H. & J. MORROW.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION TILED MAR. 17, 1910;

Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

7 Z, 6W Z W 2 f coLuMnlA PLANOGRAIH c0.,wAsmNnToN. n c.

R. H. & J. MORROW.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED mumv, 1910.

' 1,084,749. Patented Jan. 20, 1,914.

RICHARD H. MORROW AND JAMES MORROW, 0F WAUKEGAN, ILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 20, .1914.

Application filed March 17, 1910. Serial No. 549,966.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, RICHARD H. Monnow and JAMES MORROW, citizens of theUnited States, residing at WVaukegan, county of Lake, and State ofIllinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in IniCl'lltil-COIIlbllStlOll Motors, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to internal combustion motors and has for itsprimary object to provide an improved combined valve mechanism andstarting device.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide an improvedconstruction, combination and arrangement of parts in valve mechanismfor internal combustion engines.

More specifically, another object is to provide an improvedconstruction, combination and arrangement of parts in valve mechanismfor internal combustion engines having duplex pistons.

Another object is to provide an improved starting device which will beoperative through and automatically governed by the valve mechanismconstructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

Other and further objects will appear in the specification and be morespecifically pointed out in the claims, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings exemplifying the invention.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of one embodiment of ourinvention. Fig. 2 is a section on the broken line II-Tl of Fig. 3,showing the valve housing and valve with the passages for gaseousmixtures connecting said housing with the charging and combustionchambers. Fig. i) is a section on the line III-III, Fig. 2. Fig. i is asection on the line IV-IV, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a section on the line V-V,Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a section on the line VI-VI, Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is asection on the line VIIVII, Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a section on the lineVIII--VIII, Fig. 2. Fig. 9 is a transverse section of the valvemechanism in a modification of our invention, said section being takenon a line corresponding to the line III-III, Fig. 2. Fig. 10 is the samesection as Fig. 9 showing the valve in a different position. Fig. 11 isa transverse section on the line XIXI, Fig. 2. Fig. 12 is a section onthe line XII-XII, Fig. 2. Fig. 13 is a section on the line XIII-XIII,Fig. 2. Fig. 14: is a transverse section through one of the engines ofanother modified form of the invention, said section corresponding tothe section shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 15 is a section on the line XV-XV,Fig. 10, parts being broken away.

Referring more particularly to the embodiment shown in the drawings andfirst of all to that. cn'ibodiment shown in Figs. 1 to T inclusive, and10 to 13 inclusive, while the invention has been exemplified in itsapplication to an internal combustion engine embodying three combustioncylinders, said invention is equally applicable to an engine having anydesired number of cylinders. The cylinders 1, 2, and 3 are preferablyformed in a single casing, each of said cylinders being provided belowwith an enlarged cylindrical chamber 4:, as shown in Fig. 3.Reciprocably mounted in each cylinder is a duplex piston comprising thesmaller piston body 5 and the larger piston body 6 there below. Thesmaller piston 5 isa power developing piston while the larger piston 6is adapted by its reciprocation in the enlarged cylindrical chamber 4,which hereinafter will be termed the charging or compression cylinder orchamber, to first draw in a gaseous mixture and then to force saidmixture in a manner hereinafter to be pointed out into the combustionchamber. Each piston 5 is connected by a connecting rod? with a crank 8,the cranks of the several engines being disposed at equally spacedangles about an engine shaft 9. The engine casing is preferably formedin two casings, the upper including the engine cylinders and the lowerincluding the crank casing for the three engines. Preferably integrallyformed on the lateral wall of the lower crank casing 10 is a valvehousing 11, said valve housing in turn being provided with a protuberantportion 12 provided with a manifold valve chamber for a purpose to behereinafter pointed out. Without the engine cylinders and preferablyadjacent to the end cylinder 1. is a chamber 13 for storing some of thegaseous products of combustion. A pipe lat. connects the storage chamber'13 with the manifold valve housing 12 and three pipes 15, 16 and 17connect the manifold valve housing 12 with the cylinders 1, 2 and 3respcctivcly, thus constituting a starting device for the engine. Theinterior valve mechanism of the manifold valve housing 12 will behereinafter specifically described. The storage chamber 13 may beconnected to the upper end of any or all cylinders, but

as shown on the drawing is connected to the cylinder 1 by a pipe 18which conducts some of the gaseous products of combustion to the storagechamber 13 at every explosion in the engine cylinder 1, provided thatthe pressure in the storage chamber 13 is not sufficient to prevent theactuation of a check valve 19 in the pipe 18. Interpos-ed in the pipe 14between the storage chamber 13 and the manifold 12 is a valve 20, of anysuitable constructiop, whereby the storage chamber may be shut off fromthe manifold 12 or placed in connection therewith to start the engine.

Referring now more especially to Fig. 2,

the valve housing 11 preferably extends across all three of the enginecylinders 1, 2 and 3, said housing comprising a receiving chamber 21into which a gaseous mixture may be introduced through an inlet 22 whichmay connect with the carbureter, a reservoir 23 for compressed gaseousmixture and a valve chamber 24. Within the valve chamber 24, which ispreferably tubular in form, is rotatably mounted a cylindrical valve 25,said valve being preferably mounted in ball bearings at 26, 27 andgeared by means of gears 28, 29 to the engine shaft 9. The

valve chamber 24 is provided with a port leading to the charging chamberand the combustion chamber of each engine, ports leading to the chargingchamber in each instance leading directly from the valve chamber 24 bymeans of ducts 30, 31 and 32, said ducts being provided with ports 33,34 and 35 into said charging cylinders. The ports leading to thecombustion chambers on the other hand are connected by way of thereservoir 23 and openings 36, 37 and 38 with ducts 39, 40 and 41, whichlast said ducts are adapted at certain positions of the piston todischarge into the respective combustion chambers through the ports 42,

43 and 44. The valve chamber 24 is also.

provided with ports 45, 46 and 47 connecting with the inlet chamber 21.Cotiperatively arranged in the valve 25 are a plurality of port openings48, 49 (see Fig. 3), 50 (see Fig.4),55, 56 (seeFig.5),57 (see Fig.6),58, 59 (see Fig. 7) and 60 (see Fig. 8). These ports in the valve are soarranged and related to the ports in the valve chamber as to bring thecharging cylinder into communication with the inlet chamber during theoutward movement of the piston in the cylinder. Thus by reference toFig. 3, it will be seen that as the piston 5 descends, there is a vacuumproduced in the chamber 4 and as the port 49 in the valve 25 registerswith the duct 30 and the port 50 in the valve 25 registers with the port45 in the valve chamber 25 (see Fig. 4), the gaseous mix ture rushesfrom the inlet chamber 21 through the valve and into the chamber 4 tofill said chamber. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the inlet port 42 into thecombustion chamber is located at a relatively low point so that thecharge cannot be admitted into the cylinder before the port 42 isuncovered by the piston 5. By the time, however, that the piston 5 hasreached its lowermost po sition, the charging chamber 4 has beencompletely filled with gaseous mixture and the port 42 is fully opened.

As indicated in Fig. 3, the valve 25 is geared to the engine shaft 9with the ratio of one to one, so that at each revolution of the engineshaft 9, the contents of the charging chamber 4 arecompressed and forcedthrough the valve into the compression reservoir 23 which takes placewhen the port 48 has'revolved 180 degrees from its position shown inFig. 3 to register with the duct 30 when the port 50 of the valve willbe found to register with the port leading to the compression reservoir23. It will thus be seen that the compression reservoir 23 is keptsupplied by each of the three engines with compressed gaseous mixture.As the piston 5 nears the lower end of its stroke the port 42, beinguncovered, permits a rush of the compressed gaseous mixture into thecombustion chamber, said chamber being scavenged through the exhaustpassage 61. The arrangement is such that each cylinder is simultaneouslyscavenged and charged for every revolution, the change being compressedby the upward movement of the piston 5 to be exploded by a sparkingdevice 62. As each of the engines operates in the same manner, it willbe unnecessary to describe the operation of each, the ports in the valveand valve chamber being suitably arranged for each engine to correspondwith the relative positions of the cranks.

Referring now to Figs. 1, 2, 11, 12 and 13, the construct-ion of thevalve manifold 12 of the starting device will be understood. Should theengine be at rest and it be desired to start the same, the valve 20 isopened to permit the passage of compressed gaseous products from thestorage chamber 13 through the pipe 14 into the manifold 12. As seen inFig. 11, said gas enters the manifold chamber 63 and thence by a port 64in the wall of the manifold, traverses a port 65 in the valve 25 andfinally out through the pipe 15 into the top of cylinder 1, the relativepositions of the pistons in the several engines being suitable for thedownward movement for the piston in cylinder 1, the gaseous productsrush into the cylinder 1 until said piston is forced downwardly. By thetime the piston in cylinder 1 has reached the bottom of its stroke, thepiston in cylinder 3 has begun its downward stroke at which time (seeFig. 12) the port 66 in the valve 25 will have reached a position inwhich it opens a passage therethrough to the pipe 17 leading to the topof cylinder 3 thus forcing the piston downwardly in said cylinder 3. Inturn the piston in cylinder 2 is in the same manner forced downwardly bythe compressed gas rushing through the port 67 into the pipe 16.

Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate an embodiment of the valve mechanism in whichthe valve 68, which is provided with two ports 69 and 70 is revolvedonce for every two revolw tions of the engine shaft 9. In Fig. 9 isrepresented the relative positions of the parts in which the inletchamber 71 is placed in communication with a duct 72 leading to one ofthe charging cylinders 4 by means of the port 70. During the upwardmovement of the piston, the valve (38 is rotated into a position inwhich the port 70 connects the duct 72 with the reservoir 73 from whichcompression reservoir it passes through the duct 74: into the combustionchamber whenever the admission port is opened.

In Fig. 1st of the drawings 1s shown an embodiment somewhat similar tothe other embodiments with the exception that the ducts 30, 31, 32 and39, 40 and 41 are eliminated, for which purpose the valve housing ismounted upon the outer wall of the engine casing adjacent the portopening into the combustion cylinders. In this embodiment, the rotaryvalve 7 5 is provided with the oppositely disposed ports 76 and 77registering successively with the port 7 8 leading to the chargingcylinder 4, the port 79 leading to the inlet chamber 80, and with theport 83 leading to the compression reservoir 81, said reservoir 81communicating directly with the combustion cylinder through the port 82.

While we have specifically described the embodiment of the inventionshown in the drawings, we do not wish to be limited to the exactconstructions shown therein since it is obvious that variousmodifications can be embodied without departing from the spirit of ourinvention.

What We claim is- 1. In an internal combustion engine, the combinationwith a valve housing comprising three chambers, one of said chambersbeing provided with an inlet port for a gaseous mixture, another of saidchambers being adapted to serve as a reservoir for compressed gaseousmixture and the third chamber being provided with ports communicatingrespectively with the other two chambers and another port independent ofsaid other two chambers, and a valve movable in said third chamber, saidvalve being provided with passages to place the inlet chamber incommunication with the compression chamber of the motor and to place thelatter in communication with the reservoir chamber.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with combustioncylinders and means for compressing a gaseous mixture outside of saidcylinders, of a valve housing provided with inlet ports for the gaseousmixture, a second series of ports communieating with said compressingmeans, and a third series of ports communicating with said combustioncylinders, and a valve movable in said housing, said valve beingprovided with passages adapting it to connect said inlet ports with saidcompressing means and subsequently thereto to connect the compressingmeans successively with each of said combustion chambers.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with combustioncylinders and means for compressing a gaseous mixture, of a valvehousing comprising a receiving chamber for a gaseous mixture, areservoir for compressed gaseous mixture, and a valve chamber, saidvalve chamber being provided with ports leading respectively to saidcompressing means, receiving chamber and reservoir, a valve in saidvalve chamber adapted to connect said receivin chamber with saidcompressing means and said compressing means with the said reservoir,and means for admitting compressed gaseous mixture from said reservoirinto said cylinders.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with combustioncylinders, compression cylinders, and pistons movable in said cylinders,of a valve housing comprising a mixture-receiving chamber, a reservoirand a valve chamber, said valve chamber being provided with portsleading to said compression cylinders, receiving chamber and combustioncylinders respectively, a valve in said valve chamber provided withpassages whereby said compression chamber may be connected up to thereceiving chamber and whereby said compression chamber may be connectedup to said reservoir, and means controlled by the piston in thecombustion chamber for charging said combustion cylinders from saidreservoir.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with combustioncylinders, charging cylinders, and pistons movable in unison in saidcylinders, of a valve housing comprising a mixture-receiving chamber, a

reservoir and a valve chamber, said valve chamber being provided withports leading to said charging cylinders, receiving chamber andcombustion cylinders respectively, a valve in said valve chamber forcontrol.- ling said ports, and means driven by said pistons foroperating said valve, said means being adapted to move the valve in suchmanner as to open communication between the charging and combustionchambers every time said pistons reach their outermost position.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with combustioncylinders, charging cylinders, and pistons movable in unison in saidcylinders, of a valve housing comprising a mixture-receiving chamber, areservoir and a valve chamber, said valve chamber being provided withports leading to said charging cylinders, receivingchamher andcombustion cylinders respectively, a valve in said valve chamberprovided with passages whereby said charging chambers may be connectedup to the receiving chambers, and whereby said charging chambers may beconnected up to said reservoir, means controlled by the pistons in thecombustion chambers for charging said combustion chamber from saidreservoir, and means operably connecting said valve with said pistons,said means being adapted to open the connection between the receivingchamber and the charging cylinders during the piston movement in onedirection and to open the connection between the charging cylinders andreservoir during the piston movement in the opposite direction.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with combustioncylinders and charging cylinders, of a valve housing provided with aninlet port for a gaseous mixture and ports leading respectively to saidcombustion cylinders and charging cylin-v ders, and a Valve in saidhousing adapted to place an inlet port in communication with a chargingcylinder and subsequently during the same cycle to place a chargingcylinder I into communication with a combustion cylinder.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with combustion andcharging cylinders, and a piston in each of said cylinders, said pistonsbeing connected together to move in unison, of a valve housing providedwith an inlet port for a gaseous mixture and ports leading respectivelyto said combustion and charging cyllnders, a compression reservoir, avalve 1n said houslng adapted to place the inlet port in communicationwith a charging cylinder and a charging cylinder in communication with acombustion cylinder through the compression reservoir, and meansoperably connecting said valve with said pistons to connect a chargingcylinder with the inlet port during one portion of its cycle and toconnect the charging cylinder with a combustion cylinder through thecompression reservoir during a sively, means for conveying thecompressed another portion of the same cvcle. I

9, In an internal combustlon engine, the

combination with a combustion chamber bu-stion cylinder respectively, aport leading to said storage chamber, and a second port leading to saidcombustion chamber, and a said combustion rename valve movable in saidhousing, said yalve being adapted to connect the storage chamber portwith the second port leadingto the combustion chamber to start theengine, to connect the compressing means with said inlet port, and toconnectsaid compressing means with said combustion chamber.

10. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a combustionchamber provided with a piston, of means driven by said piston forcompressing a gaseous mixture, a storage chamber for combustion productsconnect-ed to the top of said combustion chamber, a valve housingprovided with ports leading to said compressing means and combustionchamber and with further ports leading to said storage chamber and thetop of the combustion chamber, a common valve for controlling all ofsaid ports, said valve being adapted to start the engine by the gases insaid storage chamber and to operate the engine by transferring gasesfromsaid compressing meansto said combustion chamber, and means drivenby said piston for operating said valve.

11. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a pluralityof combustion cylinders arranged in a series, means other than said.cylinders for compressing a gaseous mixture, a valve housing providedwith an inlet port for each of said cylinders, a second port leading tothe compressing means, and a third portleadingto each cylinder, a valvefor controlling the ports of all of said cylinders whereby during thesuc- 10o c'essive explosionsin the engines, the inlet port for eachengine is connected up with the compressing means for that engine andthe compressing means is connected up with the corresponding combustioncylinder.

12. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality ofcombustion cylinders, compressing and charging cylinders therefor, avalve housing common to all cylinders, said housing comprising a 71mmiXture-receiving chamber, a reservoir for compressed mixture, and avalve chamber,

a valve in said valve chamber, said valve chamber and valve beingprovided with cooperating ports for connecting said com- 5 pressing andcharging cylinder with said receiving chamber and reservoirsuccesmixture from the reservoir to each cylinder, and a piston in eachcombustioncylinder adapted to automatically control the admission ofmixture to that cylinder.

13. In an internalcombustion engine, the combination of a plurality ofcombustion cylinders, compressing and charging cylin- 5 ders therefor, astorage reservoir for combustion products connected to the upper end ofone of said cylinders, a valve housing common to all of said cylinders,said housing comprising a mixture-receiving cham- 133 her, a reservoirfor compressed mixture and a valve chamber, a manifold chamber connectedwith said valve housing and communicating therewith by a port for eachcombustion chamber, a valve in said valve chamber, said valve chamberand valve being provided with cooperating ports for connecting eachcharging cylinder with said receiving chamber and reservoirsuccessively, and said valve and manifold chamher being provided withadditional cooperating ports for connecting the storage reservoir withsuccessive combustion cylinders, means for conveying the compressedmixture from the reservoir to each cylinder, and a piston in eachcombustion cylinder adapted to automatically control the admission ofmixture to that cylinder.

14. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of combustioncylinders, compression and charging cylinders therefor, a storage tankfor combustion products connected to the upper end of one combustioncylinder, a check valve between the cylinder or cylinders and tank, amanifold connected up with said tank and the top of each of saidcylinders, and a common valve for controlling the flow of gaseousmixtures between the charging and combustion cylinders and forcontrolling the flow of combust-ion products from said tank to each ofsaid cylinders.

15. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of combustioncylinders, compression and charging cylinders therefor, a storage tankfor combustion products connected to the upper end of one combustioncylinder, at check valve between the cylinder and tank, a manifoldconnected up with said tank and the top of each of said cylinders, acommon valve for controlling the flow of gaseous mixtures between thecharging and combustion cylinders and for controlling the flow ofcombustion products from said tank to each of said cylinders, and avalve interposed between said tank and manifold.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses, on this 14th day of March A.D. 1910.

RICHARD H. MORROW. JAMES MORROW.

WVitnesses:

M. V. OANTWELL, A. O. KNIGHTL copies of this patent may be obtained forfive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner or Patentn, Washington,D. 0.

